How to Tell if Amber is Real: A Comprehensive Guide
Authentic amber, fossilized tree resin, is a beautiful and valuable material. Unfortunately, its desirability makes it a target for counterfeiters, leading to a market flooded with imitations. Knowing how to distinguish real amber from its imitations is crucial, whether you're a collector, jeweler, or simply a discerning buyer. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to confidently identify genuine amber.
What are the common ways to test amber authenticity?
Several methods exist to determine if a piece of amber is authentic. These range from simple at-home tests to more sophisticated laboratory techniques. We'll cover a variety of tests, from the easily accessible to the more specialized.
The Saltwater Test:
This is perhaps the most popular home test for amber. It leverages amber's relatively low density.
- Prepare a brine solution: Mix a generous amount of salt into a glass of water until no more salt dissolves (a saturated solution).
- Submerge the amber: Carefully place the suspected amber piece into the brine solution.
- Observe the result: Real amber will float, while most imitations, such as plastic or glass, will sink. This is because genuine amber has a lower density than saltwater. However, keep in mind that some treated amber or amber with high density inclusions might sink. Therefore, this test isn't foolproof.
The Heat Test (Use Caution!):
This test should be performed with extreme caution, as excessive heat can damage the amber.
- Heat a needle: Carefully heat a needle or pin over a flame.
- Touch the amber: Briefly touch the heated needle to an inconspicuous area of the amber. Real amber will give off a distinct piney or slightly sweet smell. Imitations might melt or burn, producing a different odor (often acrid or plastic-like). Never hold the flame directly to the amber.
The UV Light Test:
Many types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) light.
- Use a UV lamp: Shine a UV lamp (available online or at mineral/geology supply stores) on the amber.
- Observe the fluorescence: Real amber often exhibits a bluish or greenish fluorescence, although the intensity can vary. This isn't a definitive test, as some imitations might also fluoresce, and not all amber fluoresces.
The Friction Test:
Rubbing amber can create a static charge.
- Rub the amber: Rub the amber vigorously on a cloth.
- Check for static electricity: Bring the amber close to small pieces of paper or hair. If the amber attracts them, it suggests it could be genuine, but isn't definitive proof.
The Professional Assessment:
For high-value pieces or when absolute certainty is required, professional gemological assessment is recommended. Gemologists have access to specialized equipment, including refractive index meters and spectrometers, that provide definitive identification.
What are some common amber imitations?
Several materials are frequently used to imitate amber. These include:
- Plastic: Often the most common imitation, easily identified with the heat test.
- Glass: Heavier than amber and will sink in the saltwater test.
- Copal: A younger resin that's sometimes passed off as amber. It's softer and often has a less distinct smell.
- Polystyrene: A lightweight plastic that's easily distinguishable with the heat test.
How can I avoid buying fake amber?
Buying from reputable dealers is paramount. Look for sellers with a history of providing certificates of authenticity and who offer detailed information about their amber sources. Be wary of unusually low prices, which often indicate counterfeits. Thoroughly examine the piece, looking for inconsistencies in color, texture, or inclusions.
By employing a combination of these tests and exercising due diligence, you can significantly increase your chances of acquiring authentic amber. Remember that no single test is foolproof, and a professional assessment remains the most reliable method for verifying the authenticity of valuable pieces.
