Amber, fossilized tree resin, captivates with its warm glow and intriguing history. But with so many imitations on the market, knowing how to distinguish real amber from its counterfeits is crucial, whether you're a seasoned collector or a first-time buyer. This guide will equip you with the knowledge and techniques to confidently identify genuine amber.
What is Amber, and Why is it Important to Identify the Real Deal?
Before we delve into identification methods, let's understand what makes amber so special. Amber is formed from the resin of ancient coniferous trees, hardened and fossilized over millions of years. This process traps insects, plants, and even small animals, creating stunning inclusions that offer glimpses into prehistoric life. The value of amber, however, is not solely tied to its historical significance; its beauty and unique properties make it a highly sought-after material in jewelry and art. The market for amber, unfortunately, is rife with imitations, making the ability to identify genuine amber essential to avoid costly mistakes.
How to Tell if Amber is Real: Simple Tests You Can Do at Home
Several simple tests can help you determine if your amber piece is authentic. Remember, these tests aren't foolproof, and combining several methods yields the most accurate results.
The Saltwater Test:
This is a classic method. Amber has a lower density than saltwater.
- Prepare the solution: Mix equal parts salt and water in a glass. Stir until the salt dissolves completely.
- Submerge the amber: Gently place the amber piece into the saltwater solution.
- Observe the result: Real amber will float; most imitations will sink.
Important Note: While this test is widely used, some plastics might also float. It's best used in conjunction with other tests.
The Heat Test (Use Caution!):
This test requires careful attention and should be done with extreme caution.
- Use a very fine needle: Gently heat a fine needle or pin over a flame until it's hot (but not glowing).
- Touch the amber: Briefly touch the heated needle to a hidden or inconspicuous area of the amber.
- Observe the reaction: Real amber will produce a distinct pine-like scent. Plastic or glass will smell differently or not at all, and might melt or deform.
Warning: This test carries a risk of damaging the amber, especially if overheated. Proceed with extreme caution and only use it as a last resort.
The UV Light Test:
Some, but not all, types of amber fluoresce under ultraviolet light.
- Use a UV light: Shine a UV (ultraviolet) light on the amber.
- Observe the fluorescence: Genuine amber may exhibit a bluish, greenish, or yellowish fluorescence, although this varies depending on the type of amber. However, many other materials also fluoresce under UV light. This test alone isn't conclusive.
Examine the Inclusions (If Present):
Natural amber often contains inclusions – trapped insects, plants, or air bubbles.
- Observe carefully: Examine the inclusions closely using a magnifying glass or jeweler's loupe.
- Assess the quality: Inclusions in real amber appear natural and three-dimensional. Imitations often have blurry or artificially placed inclusions.
More Advanced Methods for Amber Identification
While the above tests provide a good starting point, professional gemological testing offers more definitive results. These tests include:
- Refractive Index Testing: Measures the speed at which light passes through the material. Amber has a specific refractive index.
- Specific Gravity Testing: Measures the density of the amber.
- Spectroscopic Analysis: Uses light to analyze the chemical composition of the material.
These tests require specialized equipment and expertise found in gemological laboratories.
What are Common Amber Imitations?
Understanding common imitations helps you spot fakes. These include:
- Copal: A younger resin that is sometimes mistaken for amber. It's softer and lacks the age and properties of amber.
- Plastic: Many plastics are designed to mimic amber's appearance.
- Glass: Some glass imitations are skillfully crafted to look like amber.
H2: How can I tell if amber is real using a UV lamp?
A UV lamp can help, but it's not a definitive test. Some amber fluoresces under UV light—emitting a blue, green, or yellowish glow—while other amber types don't. Many other substances also fluoresce, making this a supplementary test, not a conclusive one.
H2: Is it true that amber floats in saltwater?
Yes, a saltwater test is a common method. Real amber typically floats because its density is lower than that of saltwater. However, some plastics might also float, so it's crucial to use this test in conjunction with others.
H2: What is the best way to identify real amber?
The best approach is a combination of tests. Use the saltwater test, cautiously perform the heat test, examine inclusions (if present), and consider the UV light test. For definitive identification, professional gemological testing is recommended.
By combining these methods and exercising careful observation, you can greatly increase your confidence in identifying real amber and avoid costly mistakes when buying amber jewelry or collectibles. Remember, seeking professional assessment from a gemologist is always an option for valuable or questionable pieces.
